Professional makeup artists prepare actors for performances on stage or in front of cameras.
The professional application of makeup is so important to Hollywood films that there is an Academy Award given just for this category. The right makeup can transform an actor's looks. Makeup is used to make actors look tan, pale, glamorous, down on their luck, older, younger, and even like someone else altogether. For example, a combination of makeup and a prosthetic nose transformed the actress Nicole Kidman into the famous early 20th century writer Virginia Woolf in the 2002 movie "The Hours."
Professional makeup artists work on all kinds of projects for television, film, or live theater. They begin a project by reading the script to learn details about the production. To create their designs, makeup artists consider many factors. The age of the characters and the setting and time period of the production affect the way actors and actresses should appear. Even the lighting is important when deciding what makeup to use.
Makeup artists often must research the hair and makeup styles of specific time periods. Then they draw sketches or collect photos to show the styles they have in mind. Sometimes they make prosthetic devices. These items are used to change the appearance of performers. For example, artists might create a beard for an actor, or fleshy face parts to make him look older. Makeup artists also consult with directors and technicians about their ideas and designs at various stages of the process.
When their ideas are approved, makeup artists proceed with their designs. They create prostheses using rubber, latex, or gelatin. They also create or purchase hairpieces, wigs, and beards. Makeup artists sketch final designs for hairstyles and makeup. In addition, they collect products for their makeup kit, including grease paints, powders, brushes, and rubber glues.
Before a performance or filming, makeup artists apply foundations and makeup to create the effect they want. They style hair and attach wigs and prostheses. Some makeup artists do special effects, such as wounds or deformities for horror or action movies. Sometimes the application of makeup can take several hours for one performer alone. Thus, large productions usually have many makeup artists.
During a performance or filming, makeup artists remain backstage to monitor the production. They maintain actors' makeup throughout the show or filming, doing touchups if needed. They also help actors remove the makeup at the end of the show or workday.
Some makeup artists are also responsible for developing budgets and tracking costs.